Indias Highest Gallantry Award (Pvc) Winners

Param vIr chakra: The decoration is a roundabout bronze plate 1. 375 inches (3. 49 cm) in distance across. The state seal shows up in the inside, on a raised circle. Encompassing this, four reproductions of Indra's Vajra (the almighty mythic weapon of the old Vedic King of Gods). The embellishment is suspended from a straight turning suspension bar. It is named on the edge. On the back, around a plain place, are two legends isolated by lotus blossoms. The words Param Vir Chakra are written in Hindi and English. A purple lace, 32 millimeters (1. in) long, holds the Param Vir Chakra. The decoration represents Rishi Dadhichi, who had given his issues that remains to be worked out Gods for making Vajra Facts about Param Vir Chakra: 1. Of the 21 Paramveer Chakra awardees, 20 are from the Indian Army and one from the Indian Air Force. 2. Som Nath Sharma, the main beneficiary of the honor, was the honor creator Mrs. Savitri Khanolkar's child in-law after death. 3. Grenadiers Regiment have g otten the most number of Param Vir Chakras, with 3 honors, one each for the Indo-Pakistan 1965 war, 1971 Indo-Pakistan war and the Kargil War.The Gorkha Rifles have additionally gotten three honors, with the first Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), eighth Gorkha Rifles and eleventh Gorkha Rifles each getting one. 4. The Sikh Regiment, Kumaon Regiment, seventeenth Poona Horse and Jammu and Kashmir Rifles have gotten two honors. 5. The most noteworthy position to be granted a Param Vir Chakra is that of a Lieutenant Colonel. Lt. Col. Ardeshir Tarapore. 6. The honor to Major Dhan Singh Thapa, for the clash of Sirijap in the 1962 War was at first reported as an after death grant. It was not realized that Major Thapa was taken POW at that time.Param vir chakra champs Stories of the most noteworthy chivalry grant victors of the military. 1947-48 Jammu and Kashmir Operations Major Somnath Sharma, 4 Kumaon, after death Major Somnath Sharma Major Somnath Sharma child of Major General Amarn ath Sharma, was conceived on January 31, 1923, in Himachal Pradesh. He was dispatched in the Kumaon Regiment on February 22, 1942. On October 22, 1947, Pakistan propelled the ancestral intrusion of Jammu and Kashmir. Major Somnath Sharma set out his life for the nation on November 3, 1947 in Badgam, Kashmir in a daring battle against Pakistan troops.Major General Amarnath Sharma got India's first and most noteworthy wartime courage decoration, Param Vir Chakra, for the benefit of his child. second Lt. Rama Raghoba Rane, Corps of Engineers Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane was conceived on June 26, 1918 at Chendia, Karnataka. He was charged in the Corps of Engineers on December 15, 1947. He presented with unique excellence during the 1947-48 Jammu ; Kashmir activities. On March 18, 1948, the Indian Army recovered Jhangar, which was lost to the foe in December 1947. Indian soldiers at that point arranged a development from Naushahra to Rajouri.Ran e made a significant commitment in encouraging the Indian development on Rajouri. The chivalrous exertion made by Rane during this basic development earned him the most elevated wartime bravery decoration, Param Vir Chakra. †¢ CHM Piru Singh Shekhawat, 6 Rajputana Rifles, after death Company Havildar Major Piru Singh Company Havildar Major Piru Singh was conceived on May 20, 1918 in Rajasthan. He was joined up with the 6 Rajputana Rifles on May 20, 1936. During the Jammu ; Kashmir tasks in summer of 1948, Pakistani pillagers mounted a solid counter hostile in the Tithwal sector.The adversary additionally constrained the Indian Army to empty their forward situations across stream Kishanganga. After the mishap, Indian soldiers took position on the Tithwal edge. Havilder Major Piru Singh set out his life, in a daring battle against the foes, leaving for the remainder of his friends a one of a kind case of solitary fortitude and decided boldness. He was regarded with the most eleva ted wartime bravery decoration, Param Vir Chakra, after death. Naik Jadunath Singh , 1 Rajput, after death Naik Jadunath Singh Naik Jadunath Singh was conceived on November 21, 1916 in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh.He was joined up with the 1 Rajput Regiment on November 21, 1941. During the Jammu ; Kashmir tasks in the winter of 1947, the catch of Jhangar on December 24th, by the Pakistani looters, set them in a favorable situation in the Naushahra area. At a most basic stage in the fight for the safeguard of Naushahra, he spared his picket from being invaded by the foe. Naik Jadunath Singh was regarded with the most elevated wartime bravery decoration, Param Vir Chakra, after death. †¢ Lance Naik Karam Singh, 1 Sikh Lance Naik Karam Singh Lance Naik Karam Singh was conceived on September 15, 1915, in Barnala, Punjab.He was taken a crack at 1 Sikh Regiment on September 15, 1941. He had earned a Military Medal in World War II. During the Jammu ; Kashmir tasks in 1948, the Indian A rmy made generous gains in the Tithwal part. Karam Singh was regarded with the most noteworthy wartime courage award, Param Vir Chakra, for his remarkable job in the clash of Tithwal. 1962 Indo-China War Major Shaitan Singh , 13 Kumaon, after death Major Shaitan Singh Major Shaitan Singh, child of Lieutenant Colonel Hem Singhji, was charged in the Kumaon Regiment on August 01, 1949.During the 1962 Indo-China strife, 13 Kumaon was conveyed in Chusul part. The contingent drove by Major Shaitan Singh held a vital situation at Rezang La, at a tallness of 5000 meters. The normal Chinese assault on Rezang La went ahead November 18. Oblivious of his own wellbeing, Major Shaitan Singh moved starting with one unit post then onto the next and urged his men to battle. He was mortally injured. Shaitan Singh was granted Param Vir Chakra, the most noteworthy wartime chivalry award, after death, for his administration and dedication to obligation. Major Dhan Singh Thapa , 1/8 Gorkha RiflesMajor Dh an Singh Thapa Major Dhan Singh Thapa, conceived on April 10, 1928 in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, was authorized in the 8 Gorkha Rifles on August 28, 1949. The Sirijap valley, north of the Pangong Lake in Ladakh, was viewed as fundamental for the barrier of Chushul landing strip. The 1/8 Gorkha Rifles had stations there to impede any adversary infringement in the territory. One of these stations named Sirijap-1 was held by a detachment of ‘D' Company under the order of Major Dhan Singh Thapa when the Chinese assault went ahead October 21, 1962. Major Thapa spurned the assault, exacting substantial misfortunes on the enemy.For his brave demonstration, Major Dhan Singh Thapa was respected with the most elevated wartime chivalry award, Param Vir Chakra. Subedar Joginder Singh , 1 Sikh, after death Subedar Joginder Singh Subedar Joginder Singh was conceived on September 26, 1921, in Faridkot, Punjab. On September 28, 1936, he was joined up with the 1 Sikh Regiment. During the 1962 I ndo-China War, Subedar Joginder Singh told a detachment in the Tawang division of North East Frontier Agency. On October 23, the Chinese propelled an assault on the Bum La hub. Subedar Joginder Singh and his unit stood firm like a rock.Singh, notwithstanding an injury in the thigh, denied clearing. He kept an eye on a light assault rifle and murdered an enormous number of adversaries. At this point all ammo with the company had been depleted. Subedar Joginder Singh and his men fell upon the propelling adversary and bayoneted numerous to death. Subedar Singh was murdered in this epic fight. For his rousing initiative, boldness and commitment to obligation, he was granted the most elevated wartime valor decoration, the Param Vir Chakra, after death. 1965 Indo-Pak War Lt. Col. A. B. Tarapore, 17 Poona Horse, after death Lieutenant Colonel Ardeshir Burzarji Tarapore Lieutenant Colonel ArdeshirBurzarji Tarapore was conceived on August 18, 1923 in Mumbai. He joined the Hyderabad State For ce in 1942 and saw dynamic help in West Asia during World War-II. He was appointed in Poona Horse on April 01, 1951. The greatest tank skirmish of the 1965 Indo-Pak War occurred at Phillora in the Sialkot segment. Lt. Col. A B Tarapore opposed the adversary's charge, held his ground and heroically assaulted Phillora with one of his groups bolstered by an Infantry unit. At the point when injured, he would not be cleared. On September 14, 1965, he drove his regiment to catch Wazirali.Unmindful of his physical issue, he again drove his regiment and caught Jassoran and Butur-Dograndi on September 16, 1965. In this fight his own tank was hit a few times. Lt. Colonel A B Tarapore tank was on fire and he passed on a legend's demise. Lieutenant Colonel Ardeshir Burzarji Tarapore was granted with the most elevated war-time valor decoration, Param Vir Chakra, after death. CQMH Abdul Hamid , 4 Grenadiers, after death Company Quarter-Master Havildar Abdul Hamid Company Quarter-Master Havildar A bdul Hamid was conceived on July 1, 1933, in Uttar Pradesh. He was tried out the 4 Grenadiers on December 27, 1954.During the 1965 Indo-Pak War, 4 Indian Division was endowed with the duty of catching Pak domain East of Lchhogil Canal and contain conceivable foe assault on Kasur-Khem Karan pivot. The foe tanks had entered the forward organization positions. Hamid was directing a recoilless weapon separation. He took out two foe tanks. At this point the adversary cut down concentrated automatic rifle and high dangerous discharge on him. Be that as it may, he continued terminating. He was mortally injured by a high hazardous shell. Hamid was respected with the most noteworthy war time valor award, Param Vir Chakra, after death. 1971 Indo-Pak WarMajor Hoshiar Singh , 3 Grenadiers †1971 War Major Hoshiar Singh Major Hoshiar Singh was conceived on May 05, 1936 in Haryana. He was appointed in the Grenadiers Regiment on June 30, 1963. He was likewise Mentioned-in-Despatches. On Decemb er seventeenth, during the 1971 Indo-Pak war, however injured earnestly in adversary shelling, Major Singh again went alone from channel to channel, moving in the open. Major Singh, understanding the significance of shoot support at this point, hurried to the automatic weapon pit and worked the firearm causing overwhelming losses on the adversary. The adversary assault was spurned, and they beat a hurried retreat.Throu

Just War essays

Simply War expositions The Holy See shuffles with its strategies of what a simply war comprise of in this article. St. Augustine expresses that a simply war comprises of noble motivation, authentic position, and right aim. The Holy See adds to the holy people list with final hotel trying to check preemptive military strike or war. Simply war scholars back up the United States preemptive war on grounds that Saddam would utilize weapons of mass demolition against us on the off chance that he got the opportunity. Pope John Paul II says that war is anything but a decent methods for settling clashes and that there are different ways other than a preemptive strike. The Holy See talks on the issue that the United States war on Iraq was not a final hotel but rather a follow up on the assumption that Saddam was making weapons to assault the US or helping psychological militants. I believe that the Holy Sees arrangement on the war on Iraq has great sponsorship and shows the in the background clashes that puzzle the president consistently. I accept that the war on Iraq was a preemptive strike however should have been finished. It appears the US will in general be the world police by helping nations with degenerate government and holding tyrants under control. I accept this is a terrible position however one the US is left with. The Holy See appears to converge with the greater part of Europe on worldwide positions so their interpretation of the war in Iraq doesnt appear to be excessively impossible to miss. The endorsement of the Holy See doesnt appear to trouble the president at all and seems to be a one man work for the envoy to the Holy See. ... <!

Save Point

Save Point Its been over two weeks since I last blogged, and Ive been working on this post alone for the past six days. Most of it, Ive been writing in my headforming the words, stringing them together like jewels on a necklace, trying sentences and paragraphs on for size, then discarding and reweaving them until they sparkle and sound just the way I want them to. Poetry, prose. Prose, poetry. Sometimes I think theres not a whole lot of difference. Sometimes I know that they are worlds apart. I wrote a fair bit in high school. Poetry, mostly, with the occasional short story or narrative. Since coming to MIT, Ive had far less time to dedicate to my writing than I really would have liked, which is one of the reasons Im leaning towards taking more writing classes for my HASS concentration. Mostly I put my literary energy into blogging instead although Im hesitant to even mention creative writing and blogging together, since theyre such very different genres, arguably even mediums, of writing each with their own advantages and limitations. I cant just make things up when I blog, for one thing. :) I dont know how many of you reading this are writers or bloggers yourselves, so perhaps the past few paragraphs didnt make a whole lot of sense my apologies. But my point is that its taken me a while to get my thoughts down on paper (or motherboard, as the case may be), partly because sometimes other, more interesting thoughts march inside my head and demand to be taken out and allowed to shine, which is basically the cause of those past two paragraphs of digression. Also that hyperlink. Isnt Cummings wonderful? Last week, during finals, a bed spontaneously appeared in the student lounge off of the Infinite Corridor. (Photo courtesy of Yan.) For some reason this hack struck me more vividly than pretty much any other hack pulled this semester. Part of it is the simple fact that it appeared during finals week, when everyone is at their most hosed, most stressed, most sleep-depped and yet still find time to put together amazing things. (Interestingly enough, two other hacks also occurred during finals time) And part of it is just the meaning of the hack. Hacks, in their purest form, are designed to make the viewer laugh marvel think. A lot of hacks simply make you scratch your head and wonder how did they do that? This semesters Epiphany Toilet definitely falls into this category, as does the infamous police car on the Dome. Other hacks, while apparently simple, nonetheless just sort of stick in your memory like the chorus of some Top 50 song, and keep bubbling to the forefront of your mind when you least expect them. For me, the Save Point hack was one of these. The simple phrase You may rest your party here remained embedded in my subconscious far longer than it should have, and its taken on new shades of meaning over the past ten days or so, as I finished up my finals and packed up my bags to head home after another long but enjoyable semester. And then I spent the next couple days sleeping until noon. :) Winter break. A time of rest, recovery, recharging. Assembling ones forces and laying plans for the future. Preparing for the struggles that are to come with any semester at MIT: the tiny defeats, the small victories. Finals, again, sooner than we expect: the last battle. And the cycle begins again each fall, with new faces and new names as another class of freshmen arrives. I love talking to people. I love listening to their stories, trying to understand what makes them who they are, and why. Getting to know their passions, their hobbies, all their little imperfect and intensely human quirks. This is part of why I wanted to become an admissions blogger, so I could connect to the students who might someday become part of MIT. Because in the end, I truly believe that MIT is what it is today because of its students, this population of self-selected and self-acknowledged geeks, nerds, technorati, entrepreneurs, innovators whatever label or labels you try and put on it, you will only come two-thirds of the way to the truth, in a Zenos Paradox sort of way. Part of the MIT culture is that it tends to defy labels, anyway. What am I saying, here? What is the point of this? Simultaneously everything and nothing. I am writing to hear myself talk, I am writing to reach out and convey a message that right now seems desperately important but might mean nothing tomorrow. These people ought to know who we are and tell that we are here, or something like that. So much of writing and blogging, especially is simply trying to find the right audience. And as far as readership concerns, I really do think that numbers are not as important you might think. Even so, my audience, on this blog, is far larger than I would have expected. Originally I thought of myself as only ever writing for the prospective students showing them what the school I love is like, and maybe helping them (you) through the maze that is the college admission process along the way. But over the past year and a half Ive discovered a staggering other array of readers ranging from my old grade school teachers to the parents of my fraternity brothers not to mention the other current students, who always provide useful perspectives and have this wonderful habit of pointing out things I otherwise would have overlooked. Im only human. Even on this blog, where I can say exactly and precisely I want, I ramble, I rant, I rave because thats part of who I am in real life, and I want to share that part of myself with you on this blog. Just because I go to MIT doesnt make me any different, any less flesh-and-bone than you. If you cut me I bleed. I am not so old that I have forgotten how to cry. MIT has changed me, yes. But not maybe as much as youd think. Mostly, I think MIT has made me more aware of who I truly am, and of the person I always wanted to be. At MIT, hundreds of miles from my hometown, blissfully and terrifyingly torn apart from everything I used to know, Ive been able to rediscover myself all in the company of four thousand other strangers, classmates, friends who are making the same kind of journey I am. Applying to MIT is its own kind of journey. And I think the real, fundamental purpose of this entry is to encourage all of you applying to MIT, all of you who will be getting that life-changing decision in March, to just take a moment and think. I remember high school, especially senior year: so busy juggling classes, SATs, extracurriculars, friends, and all the rest to ever find a moment for yourself. But you need self-introspection, sometimes. Right here, right now: I challenge you to stop, think rest your party for a moment. Create a save point for yourself. Think about how far youve come and how much youve accomplished. Break down the assumptions youve been carrying about yourselves, about MIT, about the world. There is so much more than you know, than any of us can possibly ever know. Humility in the face of the great unknown (including admissions decisions) is one of lifes greatest virtues. As I write this, wondering where I should stop, I realize that the streets and sidewalks of South Bend are coated with a fine sheet of snow and ice, beautiful and dangerous at the same time. MIT is like that, too, in a way. And thats part of why those of us who go here love it. You have been warned.

Poverty and Homelessness Essay examples - 723 Words

Poverty and Homelessness Usually when a person thinks of the poor and the homeless, they think about those that are living and sleeping on park benches or under bridges. They think of those who are dirty, with ragged clothing, worn out shoes, and those begging or panhandling for food. The truth of the matter is that poverty and homelessness can affect people of any age, race or gender. More Americans are at the risk of poverty and homelessness today. There are many circumstances that can cause a person to live in poverty and become homeless. The lack of affordable housing, low paying jobs or lack of employment, and insufficient federal aid all contribute to poverty and homelessness. The lack of affordable housing is a significant†¦show more content†¦Still, some Americans have become homeless due to the loss or lack of employment. With the recent economic recession, many companies have moved to other parts of the country or have outsourced, leaving many without jobs. Displaced workers face difficulty finding new employment. Others lack the minimum job skills to attain employment. The lack of education increases the likelihood of a low income. It is difficult for those with little education to find work that provides a decent wage. They have less of a chance of making a desirable income. Education and basic skills are needed in acquiring jobs. Those with more education generally earn more than those that are less educated. The lack of education and training, combined with low wages, keep many families from moving up. Furthermore, the declining availability of public assistance has also increased the number of families that are in poverty or home less. Fewer families are receiving the help they need. There were once many federal and state assistance programs that were available for those in need, but because of budget cuts, most of the funding for these programs have been cut or eliminated. As a result of loss of benefits many continue to struggle. In Anna Quindlen’s, â€Å"Our Tired, Our Poor, Our Kids, Quindlen states how â€Å"[a] study done in San Diego in 1998 found that a third of homeless families had recently hadShow MoreRelatedHomelessness And Poverty And Homelessness1699 Words   |  7 PagesCenter on Homelessness and Poverty 7) While a portion of today’s society turns a blind eye to the subject of the criminalization of homelessness, an even larger quantity of people are not aware of the situation that is happening in every major city of America. For those living an affluent lifestyle, it can be difficult to discuss the amount of poverty and homelessness that is constantly occurring. The definition and meaning behind the absence of home is also arduous to discuss. While homelessness is commonlyRead MorePoverty And Homelessness1715 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty and homelessness are very serious problems in the United States. In January of 2013 the count of people identified as homeless was larger than 600,000 (Segal, Gerdes, Sue, 2016). Many factors go into what makes this population so large, however this paper will focus on how much race plays a role in homelessness and poverty. Systems (Ecological) Theory Systems theory is a perspective that places emphasis on understanding how people fit into their environments (Segal, Gerdes, Sue, 2016)Read MorePoverty and Homelessness1143 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Germain Mrs. Leeker ENG111 2/25/14 Poverty and Homelessness: An Annotated Bibliography. â€Å"Black Parents Demand ‘World-Class’ Education, Too.† Washington Informer. 20. Mar 2013. ProQuest. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. In the article ‘World-Class Education’, it said that education need to be affordable for the community of African American. Some African American children are dropout which had damaged the community. Without education, the middle class people wouldRead MorePoverty and Homelessness1942 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty and homelessness are serious issues in the U.S. today, especially because of the current recession, with levels of poverty and unemployment higher than at any time since the 1930s. Blacks and Hispanics are being affected disproportionately by homelessness, as well as poverty and unemployment in American society. This is just another example of the racial caste system and institutional racism that goes far beyond that of social class, and has always been the case in recessions and indeed withRead MorePoverty, Hunger, And Homelessness971 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty, hunger, and homelessness in America are much more common despite being the wealthiest nation in the world. Poverty is well-defined as having inadequate income to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve good health. Hunger is quite simply not knowing where your next meal will be coming from, to a certain extent simply being food insecure. Homelessness is homeless who are most often unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, secure, and adequate housing. To live belowRead MoreThe Problem Of Poverty And Homelessness1604 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of poverty and homelessness in America. In fact, a study taken in 2015 gathered that with more interaction and willingness to help the homeless, the more empathy and compassion is gained for them, later resulting in a larger contribution from society creating a social change. I obtained this information based on a survey taken by Lindsay Phillips, a physiologist, that took it upon herself to ask working, undergraduate college students to describe their perceptions of homelessness, willingnessRead MoreHomelessness a nd the Cycle of Poverty717 Words   |  3 Pagespassed on to their children. Reported by Barbara Ehrenreich, an author with many books on the subject of homelessness in America, â€Å"Catholic Charities saw a spike of domestic violence... attributed to the unemployment and overcrowding.† (325)ï€  Ã¯â‚¬  Not having the funds to support oneself and one’s family causes stress and tension while otherwise might not have been there. Sadly homelessness and poverty have and will always go hand in hand. Many people due to financial hardships have to relocate constantlyRead MoreThe Problem Of Poverty And Homelessness956 Words   |  4 Pagestransportation and I see a person who is homeless I do one of two things: 1) Avoid eye contact and act as if they don’t exist or 2) I give them some extra food or my loose change. Poverty is something that most people tend to ignore, or act like someone else is there to fix it. This image critically argues that poverty and/or homelessness isn’t something that can be fixed with some coins it requires an actual change. This image makes this argument with its size and color, play on words that targets a specificRead MoreA Survey On Homelessness And Poverty1404 Words   |  6 Pagespoint in time by a survey provided by the National Alliance to End Homelessness, an estimated 740000 individuals are experiencing homelessness at any particular time in America (Aratani). Additionally, an approximated 3.5 million individuals are at risk of e xperiencing temporary homelessness at a certain point in a particular year with some 1.35 million children based on the report by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty (Aratani). In 2005, 50 percent of the cities in the US were surveyedRead MoreThe Problem Of Poverty Of Homelessness950 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty WHAT I ALREADY KNOW/WHY THIS TOPIC Down my building street, a homeless lives there. I always wonder what brought him here. What was his previous occupation before living down the street and annoying everyone else. Questions started to rise. Are they really homeless? poor? or faking it up to attract people’s attention? I had an experience that made these questions rise weirdly. One day, I was sitting in Starbucks, located in Cary street beside Chili’s and I saw the homeless that howl beside

Understanding Subsidy Benefit, Cost, and Market Effect

So Much to Tell You †John Marsden Free Essays

So Much to Tell You by John Marsden, explores the struggle that the protagonist, Marina, endures along her journey to mental wholeness. Marina’s soul has been shattered due to a traumatic event, and being witness to a large amount of violence and hatred in her family. So Much To Tell You is rich in techniques that are used effectively to convey the idea of Marina’s struggle, and journey towards mental wholeness. We will write a custom essay sample on So Much to Tell You – John Marsden or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marina’s difficulty in achieving psychological completion is shown through the major technique, structural contrast. We follow Marina’s personal journey and her healing throughout the novel, and we watch as she develops from an introverted, mistrustful person into someone who is able to appropriately communicate with other individuals. Marina uses a tone of self-loathing to show us that she views herself as a â€Å"nutcase†, psycho† and â€Å"the freak of Warrington† who suffers from â€Å"anorexia of speech†. Marina is sent to Warrington Boarding School â€Å"to learn to speak again, because [her] mother can’t stand [her] silent presence at home†. At first Marina is isolated and detached from the rest of the school, shown through the retreat imagery of Marina as she â€Å"slinks along the walls and corridors†. As the novel progresses, Marina’s entries suggest that she is becoming more in touch with her peers, and â€Å"moving round the school more confidently†. Her visit to Mr Lindells house over the weekend is a very significant event in Marina’s transformation. Throughout the weekend she becomes more expressive, expressed through her tone of excitement in the phrase â€Å"it was good! And they’re so nice! Nice, nice, nice†! Here, the use of exclamation and the repetition of the word, ‘nice’ emphasise Marina’s positive involvement in life. This is contrasted with Marina being a passive spectator during school tennis, and life in general. Towards the end of the novel Marina chooses on her own accord to return to Warrington, and reaches out to Mr Lindell to help her, a drastic change from the beginning of the novel where she didn’t interact with anyone at all. In the early stages of the novel, the struggle and difficulty of repairing Marina’s psyche due to damage and conflict within her family, and Marina’s journey towards mental health, is conveyed through the composer’s effective manipulation of fragmentation imagery. Perhaps the most prominent examples of fragmentation imagery would be Ann Maltin’s â€Å"spangled star doona cover†. Ann tells Marina the â€Å"the stars do fit together, but it took [her] years to figure it out†. This is a metaphor for Marina’s damaged psyche, and it foreshadows her psychological wholeness. Her psyche will fit together again; she just has to give it time to heal. Marina also explains the she likes ‘the word â€Å"coalesce†, though when [she] looks at it for a long time it seems strange and ugly†. This is how Marina views herself, a jumble of â€Å"strange and ugly† fragments that need to â€Å"coalesce† in order to become one healed psyche. She also writes about the way the pool is when there is nobody there â€Å"then the first girl jumps or dives in – and it all cracks†. This demonstrates how fragile Marina’s psyche is; it could shatter at any time. Ann Maltin also â€Å"had a ceramic piece†¦ on the cupboard beside her bed. It was a big bird, an eagle†. Whilst â€Å"vacuuming the dorm† Marina accidentally knocks the bird of its stand, and it promptly shatters on the floor. Even after Ann has glued it back together, she â€Å"can still see the cracks. [She] will always see them. This indicates that Marina will heal, but she will never be exactly the same person as she was before the incident, and she will always be scarred from the traumatic event. John Marsden has greatly emphasised the importance of Marina repairing her damaged psyche through the use of metaphors, foreshadowing, and fragmentation imagery. Symbolism and figurative devices are also used effectively by John Marsden to evoke the idea of Marina’s need for retreat or refuge from the difficulties of reality, prior to her significant journey to wholeness. For Marina, the chapel at her school symbolises a sanctuary. â€Å"Churches [are] safe places, where you [can] hide†, Marina sits by herself in her dark corner and writes in her journal, it is where she can think about her life, and her father. She feels protected in the chapel, and in the school generally too. This is shown through the use of similes in the phrase â€Å"in the hospital [she] felt exposed under the white light, here [she] feels like a black snail†. This contrasts between the white exposure of the hospital, and the black refuge of the school. Similes, retreat imagery, and symbolisation are used dextrously throughout So Much To Tell You to demonstrate Marina’s difficult journey to wholeness. John Marsden dextrously uses effective techniques throughout So Much To Tell You to explore the concept of struggle and wholeness, demonstrated by the protagonist, Marina. We learn about Marina’s personal struggle to become whole again after the tragic events that have occurred prior to the beginning of the novel. We see this through the contrast of Marina’s character between the beginning of the novel and the end of the novel, the extensive use of fragmentation imagery, and the retreat imagery, that is used to convey Marina’s struggle. We trace her traumatic personal journey, difficulties and mental healing throughout the novel, on an emotional rollercoaster that is Marina’s life. How to cite So Much to Tell You – John Marsden, Essay examples

The Parity Principle in Judgement

Question: Discuss aboutthe Parity Principle in Judgement. Answer: Introduction The principle of parity in judgement according to Hampel Gurvich, (2003) is an element of systematic objectivity, equality and consistency before the law. It provides for the treatment of same cases alike and different cases differently. An assertion by the accused of unjustified disparity in the case can form strong premise of appeal. With parity principle, prosecution, defence counsels, and courts are required to take necessary steps to ensure that related offences are preferably sentence by the same judge at the same time. Hampel Gurvich, ( 2003) note that if the co-accused persons are not sentenced by the same judge, questions may arise as to whether a judge in the second judgement will be bound by the findings of the first judge. In the DPP v Kamay case, the judge sentenced the offender for total effective sentence of 7 years and 3 months. The offender appealed the judgment on several grounds among them that the judges failed to apply the principle of parity. The applicant in his appeal observed that the judge erred in unreasonably discriminating in sentencing between him and his co-accused. Although the applicant and his co-offender were charged with different offences, the applicant submitted that the parity principle has a role to play and that the judge exercised unjustified disparity in the sentences. The appellant noted that the judge erred by ordering that the co-offender sentence be served concurrently while the applicant sentence be served cumulatively. The submission noted that the difference in sentencing enlivened the principle of parity. The appellant based his argument on theFarrugia v The Queen decision where the judges held that the parity principle can apply to defendants in the same charges who are not co-offenders. While accepting that the parity principle may be invoked, the judges held that the applicant and his co-accused played distinct roles and thus the disparity was justified and dismissed the appeal. In the R v Curtis case, the judge considered the principle of parity in sentencing the offender which they noted is a fundamental aspect of the rule of law. The judge observed that it was necessary to consider the sentenced meted on Hartman. The court also took consideration that there should be no disparity between white collar offenders and other offences. References Farrugia v The Queen , [2011] VSCA 201 (Supreme Court of Victoria 06 30, 2011). Hampel, G., Gurvich, D. (2003).Bail law in Victoria: A practical guide to the law, procedure and advocacy .Annandale: Federation Press. Kamay v The Queen, [2015] VSCA 296 ( Supreme Court of Victoria 11 13 , 2015). R v Curtis, (No 3) [2016] NSWSC 866 (Supreme Court of New South Wales 06 24, 2016).

Why First Impressions Matter free essay sample

This turn of words is very powerful. Often making a great first impression is equated with impressing people. While that is true, most think about impressing people as being about showing what we know, who we know or what we’ve done. You will make a more powerful and lasting impression when you don’t try so hard. Be confident. Being confident coupled with being relaxed leads to a projected self-assurance that is both interesting and attractive. Don’t try too hard, and don’t take confidence as your lone tip (notice this doesn’t say over-confident or cocky) – but when coupled with the other ideas on this list you will not only be more confident, but your confidence will work well. Remember it isn’t about you. Make the encounter as much about the other person as possible, and you will make great first impressions most of the time. If you are especially nervous in networking situations or if you are reading these tips before an especially important meeting, remember this tip and apply it. We will write a custom essay sample on Why First Impressions Matter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is all about the other person. As paradoxical as it may seem, making a good impression will come easiest when you focus not on yourself, but on the other person. Dress to impress Weve all heard this old saying, but it does hold a good amount of truth. Although todays business environment is much more casual than it was even 10 years ago, it is still important to dress the part. The key here is to dress modestly and appropriately for the gathering you will be attending. There is no need to wear the latest Brioni suit, but do make sure that your clothing is clean and fits well. The last thing you want is to give off a negative impression before you even open your mouth. If you look sloppy, people will assume that you and your business are sloppy as well. Reason one You are going to a cinemas. When you arrive, you sit at a comfortable chair, and wait for the movie to start. Not so long later, a man, with dirty clothes and messy hair comes along and sits next to you. The man is strong and polite, and has very good manners. You move to another chair far away from that man because you don’t feel comfortable next to him First impressions are important. Polite or not, when we meet a smelly, messy person, we would probably avoid him. Because of that, he has no chance of showing us how good he really is on the inside. it is estimated that people form a first impression within the first 30 seconds of meeting somebody. So, how are we going to prove that you are really good, when we look so badly So, we should wear neat clothes, comb your hair, do whatever to make ourselves look good†¦ Then we can attempt to talk to more ppl and feel confident Reason 2 Almost everyone gets a little nervous when meeting someone for the first time, which can lead to nervous habits or sweaty palms. By being aware of your nervous habits, you can try to keep them in check. And controlling a nervous jitter or a nervous laugh will give you confidence and help the other person feel more comfortable. * Show confidence: Your attitude says a lot about you, so stay positive if you’re nervous or even in the face of criticism. Don’t be cocky or arrogant, but stand tall, give a firm handshake, be friendly, maintain good body posture and make eye contact when you speak. Smiles can definitely be contagious. A warm, sincere and confident smile is a great way to make a good first impression. Smiles can definitely be contagious. A warm, sincere and confident smile is a great way to make a good first impression. Be a Great Listener Listen to people. Too often, when we meet someone new we listen to them just long enough until we think of something we want to say. Rather than fully hearing someone, were getting tidbits here and there. Not fully listening means that youre not letting the bond develop between you and your new friend. Sometimes this happens because were afraid we wont be heard, but with a new friend you cant worry about that. You will be heard when the time is right, which may be further down the road than you would have liked. But so what? In the meantime, youre bonding with a potentially great friend so that when you do share some personal items, they will be received with that much

Low-Cost Gift Ideas for College Students

Low-Cost Gift Ideas for College Students If youre like most college students, buying gifts present a complicated dilemma: Youd like to give nice presents but you are, after all, a college student trying to live on a budget. So how can you balance wanting to give nice presents with the limits of your bank account? Luckily, there are ways to give low-cost gifts without coming across as cheap. 8 Low-Cost Gift Ideas for College Students Print out and frame a nice picture. With everything being digital these days, try to remember the last time someone gave you a printed-out picture that you can hang on your wall and how nice that present was (or would be!). If youre really short on cash, print something at the highest quality available on your printer and make a nice frame to match. Give a simple college-themed gift. While the $60 sweatshirts in the campus bookstore are pretty nice, they might also be out of your budget. See what else you can find that celebrates your time in school while costing a little less. Keychains, bumper stickers, t-shirts on the clearance rack (will your cousin really know?), plastic cups, and lots of other presents can be had for under $10 and even under $5, if you really spend some time looking. Give the gift of time. Money may be in tight supply for you, but time may not be especially if you need a gift for the holidays when youre home on break. Consider planning a nice walk with your mom, ​volunteering with your dad, hanging out with your friend at his work one afternoon, or even babysitting for your parents so they can get some time to themselves. Make something from scratch. Nearly everyone has some kind of creative talent. Think about what you do best and run with it. Can you write a few poems? Paint a picture? Mold something out of clay? Take some awesome photographs? Make something from wood? Write a song? Record yourself singing your mothers favorite tunes? Dont sell yourself short as a great source of gifts you can make completely on your own. Put together a piece of your life at college. It doesnt have to be fancy to be effective. If, say, your grandmother never had the chance to go to college, put together a shadow box or collage of images from your time in school. You can collect things like stickers, fall leaves, a page from the course catalog, or articles from the school paper to give her a piece of what your college life is like. Make a memory box for an old friend or family member. You can probably find a nice little box somewhere on campus or at a local big box or drug store. Cut up some nice pieces of paper and write a cherished memory of you and the person youre giving your gift to; fold them over once or twice; Then write a nice card that explains the gift and says how often they can unwrap one of the little memories in the box (once a week? once a month?) It can be a great trip down memory lane for you and a very personal, meaningful gift for an old friend or beloved family member. Frame a design you make. Who says only a photograph can go in a picture frame? Start with a piece of paper and get creative. Print or cut out quotes about the importance of education, snip headlines from your school paper, take (or sketch) a picture of your school as long as you put together something with a similar theme (e.g., your campus), its hard to make a homemade gift like this look bad. Let your creativity flow without worrying about the cost. Switch up a usual gift into something different. Dinner and a movie is a pretty classic gift for a girlfriend, boyfriend, or even a parents birthday. But if your money is tight, you can switch things up to have an equally good time without the high cost. Consider, for example, going to breakfast and a movie. The food bill will be cheaper, your movie will likely be a matinee (and cheaper than an evening film), and you and the person you take will have a unique experience, too.

Autobiographical Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Autobiographical Narrative - Essay Example ces, although I did not want to be a high school teacher, listening to my mum and her students arguing about various issues in literature sparked my curiosity. I enjoyed hearing them criticize each other and I wished someday I could have the courage and knowledge to debate issues as competently as my mum could. As I grew up, I became an active debater from grade school through to high school, I studied widely more so in literature and politics, which were my favorite subjects. In high school, I ran for the position of class representative and I won. As a class representative, I had the chance to discuss issues that affected students with teachers and with fellow students. I discovered a completely new world of intrigues and vested interest albeit limited to a high school level. Afterwards when I joined college, I continued with my interest in student politics, however it is possible that the gusto with which I immersed myself may have negatively impacted on my performance as since after the first year, my mother insisted that until I stopped scoring anything below B minus, I would have to give politics a wide berth. Frankly, I thought she was being paranoid and overprotective but after giving the matter considerable thought, I decided to conform, not so much because I agreed with her opinion but out of respect and the fact that she had brought me up to respect my elders. It was during my hiatus from active politics that I discovered my other talent which came to dominate my next three years and which took the place of my interest in politics. One of the subjects in that I was failing was contemporary literature and my professor suggested that I might want to try writing something for myself and see how it compares to the work of some of the writers I was s tudying. I started reporting about the student politics and in one particularly sensational case, I investigated; I discovered two candidates for campus leadership had been involved in smear campaigns against

Central American Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Central American Migration - Essay Example War, persecution, and violence in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua due to political upheavals spurred the mass migration of their citizens into the United States (Guierrez, 1960). The migration occurred in phases with the elites fleeing first followed by the professionals and the middle class and lastly the poor working class. Nicaraguan migrants went to the us in three waves with the first consisting of the overthrown Somoza family and their associates, wealthy business peoples and members of the National guard in 1970s followed by the middle class professionals and business people in the 1980s and lastly the poor workers and young men escaping recruitment in the contra war. Their flight unlike the Cubans was not welcomed by the American government who classified them as illegal aliens and used varied ways to try to stop their entry into United States. Even after conditions improved in their home countries many Central Americans did not return home due to a variety of reasons, the end of hostilities did not improve their security at home. In Nicaragua former contras and fragments of Sandinista army continued to fight especially in rural areas and in El Salvador and Guatemala death squads and vigilante groups also operated. (Guierrez, 1960). This coupled with increased crime rates reduced the number of immigrants willing to return home and led to many more Central Americans migrating to United States Depending on their social economic status, Central Americans used several strategies to survive in the harsh United States. Wealthy immigrants used their economic resources and business connections to buy assets in the United States on which they lived comfortably. Many exiles including the Somoza family transferred their assets to Miami banks in the; late 1970s and they moved into fashionable residences in key Biscayne and Brickell avenue where the invested heavily on condominiums in the suburban western edge of the city (Alenjandro, 1993). These were later t o be sold to Nicaraguan professionals and business people during the second wave of migration. This group experienced tough economic hardships on United States soil and the majority worked in unskilled trades to earn a daily living due to an uncertain future. The professionals gradually moved into their fields of work and some steadily advanced in professional capacity because of prior work experience in their country of origin. Professionals used existing friendships with Cuban Americans developed in school to get financing to start their own businesses (Alenjandro, 1993).The peasants and Nicaragua workers migrated chiefly due to war and economic hardships brought by war. Nicaraguan peasants and workers migrated because of the United States sponsored contra war and they became unskilled laborers in the host country. The decision by the United States to classify Nicaraguan immigrant’s illegal aliens exposed them to very many challenges because they did not receive any benefit s like their predecessors the Cubans despite their situations being the same. Finding jobs was exceedingly difficult and the few jobs available had very low wages. They had to

Violence in Mass Media

Violence in Mass Media The debates about the violence in mass media are being held for few decades, but there is still no definite answer. The main question is the influence of violence on people through the mass media: television, cinema, video games and even literature is just full of violent elements. The problem of media violence is not going away, focusing on the culture of violence, whether this is a normal part of our life, or its what causes more aggression in our society. During the day people spend a lot of time in the internet, near the TV screens, playing video games, so the result of this on people is evident mass media really has a great influence on us. Every day on TV we see images of violence: death, injury, pain, sufferings, misery, wars and conflicts it is just impossible to name everything. Daily news shows us wars and conflicts from all over the world. Films, both for adults and children, also are full of violence : fighting, murders, abuse and so on. Even books and magazines doesnt stay apart, the same situation is with the internet. That is why so many people, like scientists and just ordinary people who are not indifferent, raise the question: if media violence affect people behavior and can cause the increase of violence in real-life? There are 2 points of view: some people blame media for too much violence and want to censor violent content to protect people, and especially children from its influence. Another people think that mass media just reflects the real life as it is, and that doesnt cause violence in society. Another important aspect of this problem is the influence of violence in media on children, as children are very sensitive and very susceptible to this violence. Now, when children have an unlimited access to various forms of media, there is a great concern for how they perceive and think about the violence they see, read or hear. Some experts, like professor L. Rowell Huesmann from the University of Michigan, argue that exposure to media violence causes children to behave more aggressively and affects them as adults years later. Others, like Jonathan Freedman from the University of Toronto says that the scientific evidence simply does not show that watching violence either produces violence in people, or desensitizes them to it. (L. R. Huesmann, Laramie D Taylor) During the last 50 years there were a lot of special researches concerning the influence of media on children. They show that American children between 6 and 18 years of age spend from 2 to 6 hours each day using different kinds of media: television, video, movies, video games, radio, music, computer and the Internet. (James Steyer) This is more time than they spend on any other activity, so most of the information they perceive during the day is from mass media. A large proportion of this media acts of violence in different forms. It has been estimated that by age 18, the average young person will have viewed 200 000 acts of violence on television alone. (L. R. Huesmann, Laramie D Taylor) Prolonged access to such media shows results in increased acceptance of violence as an appropriate means of solving problems and achieving ones goals, and that television, movies, and music videos normalize using weapons and show them as a source of personal power. (J. L.Freedman). Research has associated violence in media with a variety of physical and mental health problems with children and adults: aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, fear, depression, nightmares and sleep disturbances. More than 3500 research studies have examined the connection between media violence and violent behavior, and practically 80% of them showed a real connection. (L. R. Huesmann, Laramie D Taylor) So should children be exposed to the media because of violence? And how can we protect children from violence showed in the media? Should the violence in media be censored or left free? THE PROS A lot of journalists speak about the protection of the right to free speech. Joanne Cantor argues: Censorship is not the answer, but the right to free speech is aggressively used to protect commercial interests at the same time that the free speech rights of child advocates are stifled. (Joanne Cantor, 2002) The American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression lists a number of reasons to protect media violence as a form of free expression: censorship isnt likely to solve the problems of violence in society decision about what is acceptable or not is always a subjective opinion each person can choose what to see or to hear, can choose the appropriate for him variant of media information a lot of books and films with elements of violence existed in the past and now are considered to be a good classics. A lot of free expression defenders say that that mass media is only one of a number of variables that effect people behavior. Psychologist Melanie Moore says: Fear, greed, power-hunger, rage: these are aspects that we try not to experience in our lives but often want, even need, to experience vicariously through stories of others. Children need violent entertainment in order to explore the inescapable feelings that theyve been taught to deny, and to reintegrate those feelings into a more whole, more complex, more resilient selfhood. (J. Steyer) Another people say that violence in media is only a method of artistic expression and a mean of showing the life as it is. Researchers R. Hodge and D. Tripp, for example, argue that: Media violence is qualitatively different from real violence: it is a natural signifier of conflict and difference, and without representations of conflict, art of the past and present would be seriously impoverished. (D. Grossman, G. Degaetano) THE CONTRAS But still most people agree that today we have too much violence in the mass media. It cant help influencing us anyway, because at list it makes us understand that the life is not so good as we want and that the world around us is just so cruel. Violence in media makes people feel disappointed and not optimistic. Television, movies, and video games are full of acts of violence , deaths, crimes. When a child sees a violent act, he thinks it a game and may try to react it in real life. According to recent research at the University of Wake Forest, which results are presented at the conference Academy of Pediatrics, the frequency of viewing violence on television is directly related to the number of fights and other forms of destructive behavior. The results of this study are consistent with previous numerous studies of Dr. Durante, who found a significant correlation between the violence depicted and the real violence among children and adolescents. Even if some people dont believe in the results of research, in my opinion even the risk of that violence in media and real life aggression are connected is enough to convince public and government to take necessary actions, as this question is a public issue. And so the state and public organizations intervention is of great importance as concerns the censorship. Anyway media constructs reality, and influences our views on race, gender, politics, and body image, in not good way of course. Conclusion In my view, today, it seems appropriate to conduct new studies that demonstrate the influence of violence on human psyche, especially on children and adolescents, taking into account the impacts of all the kinds of media. These findings should be communicated to the public in order to protect the younger generation of excessive and unjustified demonstrations of cruelty. In this regard, so relevant is the question raised by Plato in the IV century BC: How can we so easily assume that children are listened to and perceived the soul of what horrible myths invented by just anyone and for the most part contrary to the truths that are we believe should be with them when they grow up? .

Heart of Darkness Significance Essay

1971. The significance of a title such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is so easy to discover. However, in other works (for example, Measure for Measure) the full significance of the title becomes apparent to the reader only gradually. Choose two works and show how the significance of their respective titles is developed through the authors’ use of devices such as contrast, repetition, allusion, and point of view. 1976. The conflict created when the will of an individual opposes the will of the majority is the recurring theme of many novels, plays, and essays. Select the work of an essayist who is in opposition to his or her society; or from a work of recognized literary merit, select a fictional character who is in opposition to his or her society. In a critical essay, analyze the conflict and discuss the moral and ethical implications for both the individual and the society. Do not summarize the plot or action of the work you choose. 1991. Many plays and novels use contrasting places (for example, two countries, two cities or towns, two houses, or the land and the sea) to represent opposed forces or ideas that are central to the meaning of the work. Choose a novel or play that contrasts two such places. Write an essay explaining how the places differ, what each place represents, and how their contrast contributes to the meaning of the work. 1994. In some works of literature, a character who appears briefly, or does not appear at all, is a significant presence. Choose a novel or play of literary merit and write an essay in which you show how such a character functions in the work. You may wish to discuss how the character affects action, theme, or the development of other characters. Avoid plot summary. 1996. The British novelist Fay Weldon offers this observation about happy endings. â€Å"The writers, I do believe, who get the best and most lasting response from their readers are the writers who offer a happy ending through moral development. By a happy ending, I do not mean mere fortunate events — a marriage or a last minute rescue from death — but some kind of spiritual reassessment or moral reconciliation, even with the self, even at death.† Choose a novel or play that has the kind of ending Weldon describes. In a well-written essay, identify the â€Å"spiritual reassessment or moral reconciliation† evident in the ending and explain its significance in the work as a whole. 1999. The eighteenth-century British novelist Laurence Sterne wrote, â€Å"No body, but he who has felt it, can conceive what a plaguing thing it is to have a man’s mind torn asunder by two projects of equal strength, both obstinately pulling in a contrary direction at the same time.† From a novel or play choose a character (not necessarily the protagonist) whose mind is pulled in conflicting directions by two compelling desires, ambitions, obligations, or influences. Then, in a well-organized essay, identify each of the two conflicting forces and explain how this conflict with one character illuminates the meaning of the work as a whole. You may use one of the novels or plays listed below or another novel or work of similar literary quality. 2000. Many works of literature not readily identified with the mystery or detective story genre nonetheless involve the investigation of a mystery. In these works, the solution to the mystery may be less important than the knowledge gained in the process of its investigation. Choose a novel or play in which one or more of the characters confront a mystery. Then write an essay in which you identify the mystery and explain how the investigation illuminates the meaning of the work as a whole. Do not merely summarize the plot. 2001. One definition of madness is â€Å"mental delusion or the eccentric behavior arising from it.† But Emily Dickinson wrote Much madness is divinest Sense- To a discerning Eye- Novelists and playwrights have often seen madness with a â€Å"discerning Eye.† Select a novel or play in which a character’s apparent madness or irrational behavior plays an important role. Then write a well-organized essay in which you explain what this delusion or eccentric behavior consists of and how it might be judged reasonable. Explain the significance of the â€Å"madness† to the work as a whole. Do not merely summarize the plot. 2002. Morally ambiguous characters — characters whose behavior discourages readers from identifying them as purely evil or purely good — are at the heart of many works of literature. Choose a novel or play in which a morally ambiguous character plays a pivotal role. Then write an essay in which you explain how the character can be viewed as morally ambiguous and why his or her moral ambiguity is significant to the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. 2002, Form B. Often in literature, a character’s succ ess in achieving goals depends on keeping a secret and divulging it only at the right moment, if at all. Choose a novel or play of literary merit that requires a character to keep a secret. In a well-organized essay, briefly explain the necessity for secrecy and how the character’s choice to reveal or keep the secret affects the plot and contributes to the meaning of the work as a whole. You may select a work from the list below, or you may choose another work of recognized literary merit suitable to the topic. Do NOT write about a short story, poem, or film. 2003. According to critic Northrop Frye, â€Å"Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divisive lightning.† Select a novel or play in which a tragic figure functions as an instrument of the suffering of others. Then write an essay in which you explain how the suffering brought upon others by that figure contributes to the tragic vision of the work as a whole. 2003, Form B. Novels and plays often depict characters caught between colliding cultures — national, regional, ethnic, religious, institutional. Such collisions can call a character’s sense of identity into question. Select a novel or play in which a character responds to such a cultural collison. Then write a well-organized essay in which you describe the character’s response and explain its relevance to the work as a whole. 2004. Critic Roland Barthes has said, â€Å"Literature is the question minus the answer.† Choose a novel, or play, and, considering Barthes’ observation, write an essay in which you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. 2004, Form B. The most important themes in literature are sometimes developed in scenes in which a death or deaths take place. Choose a novel or play and write a well-organized essay in which you show how a specific death scene helps to illuminate the meaning of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary.

Raising the Minimum Wage Essay

There has been a lot of discussion regarding the increase of minimum wage across the nation. Currently, the wage is set at a low amount of $7.25 an hour. In today’s society it is almost impossible to live on only an income of $7.25 an hour especially for those who are raising a family. In President Obama’s 2013 State of the Union Address, the president proposed to raise the minimum wage to 9 dollars by the year 2015 (Luhby). A higher minimum wage would help people living in poverty by providing better means of financial stability, and it would also improve the chances of those people trying to escape poverty stricken living conditions. Another bonus to increasing the minimum wage is that it could potentially help lift the economy back up out of recession. For example, if people have more money, they are more likely to spend more money, therefore creating an increase in revenue for the nation as a whole. An increase in the present minimum wage to $ 9.00 per hour will boo st the economy, promote sufficient funds for the standard of living, and enhance equality among all United States citizens. To fully understand the argument circulating around the minimum wage law, it is first essential to recognize the reasons it was established. In 1937, the United States was still recovering from the Great Depression (Wilson). The Great Depression, a direct result of World War I, was a historical low point in United States’ economy. During this period of time, President Franklin D. Roosevelt endorsed the New Deal, which was a series of economic programs that helped to stimulate the nation’s economy (M.W. Overview). Once the bill was approved by President Roosevelt, Congress began a rigorous deliberation in order to deem the bill as constitutional. Unfortunately, the original document was found unconstitutional, which then caused the proposed bill to be re-evaluated before being enacted into a new law. After a long debate, policymakers reached an agreement as to what statutes would be included within the updated New Deal’s economic stimulus programs. Among those provisions, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 was instituted because it was believed to protect workers and stimulate the economy simultaneously (M.W. Overview). Meaning that, the federal government was not only concerned with rebuilding the United States’  economy, but they also recognized the importance of financial stability among all citizens. As a result of this recognition, Congress felt the need to implement a program that was specifically designed to protect employees from being over-worked and under-paid. Thus, in 1938 the first minimum wage of $0.25 an hour was enacted as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (Sherk). This mandated pay rate ensured that workers would not only earn enough to sufficiently support themselves but also enough to support a family. Since the initial implementatio n of the minimum wage, Congress has decreed several raises in order to maintain an adequate income. In fact, according to Mark Sherk, author of The Negative Effects of Minimum Wage Laws, the minimum wage has been increased twenty-two times throughout its existence (Sherk). These increases suggest that the United States government recognized that its citizens were being underpaid and therefore adjusted the minimum wage accordingly so that workers would be compensated properly. With that being said, it is obvious that the United States government regulates the minimum wage, however it is also important to recognize that the responsibilities of the minimum wage are divided between different levels of government such as: national, state and local jurisdictions. The United States is operated by a federalist government, meaning that multiple levels of government share power (O’Gorman). For instance, a popular example of this type of government being exercised is allowing individual states to decide whether or not to legalize marijuana within their borders. This means that while one state may oppose the legalization of marijuana, another separate state may choose to accept marijuana as legal. Consequently, a similar approach applies when dealing with the issue of the minimum wage. The national government mandates a federal minimum wage that all states must adhere too, however states then have the option to implement a minimum wage on top of the federal minimum wage. This means that each individual state has the capability of initiating a higher minimum wage for its own citizens. Once the decision of applying a separate minimum wage has been made by the states, the United States Department of Labor requires that employees must receive the higher wage (Grace). In other words, employers within a state that have two minimum wages, a federal and state minimum wage, are r equired to pay employees the higher of the two. This policy ensures that employees are at  least compensated the federal minimum wage regardless of what a state implements unless the state mandates a higher minimum wage. In addition to policy enactment, the United States government also has two main economic responsibilities in order to reduce income inequalities among its citizens. According to the article Federalism and American Inequality, the government is economically responsible for development and redistribution (Kelly and Witko). Although the government is responsible for two economic activities, the duties are divided between state and national governments. State governments are in charge of developmental policies so that each state has the power to enact regulations that meet the needs of its individual residents. This can be seen within the American education system, such as allowing each state to decide curriculums for graduating high school. Likewise, the national government is responsible for redistributing funds throughout the nation in order to promote equality among all United States citizens. A great example for this method is the Social Security program, which is an entitlement program that spreads funds across generations to even out the wealth (O’Gorman). In fact, the Social Security program takes taxes from one group of people and disperses it directly to another group. Despite the United States government’s attempts to ensure all citizens have an equal opportunity in regards to income, unfortunately that is not the case. Studies suggest that an extravagant amount of workers earn either the current minimum wage of $7.25 an hour or less. As a matter of fact, in 2012 about 3.6 million workers fell into this category, which makes up about 4.7% of all hourly paid workers (Minimum Wage Workers). Even though the percentage of workers who fit into this category may seem slow, in reality it is an alarming rate especially since minorities and young people make up most of the population. As illustrated by the National Employment Law Project, 50% of minimum wage earners are 25 years of age and younger and another 5% of workers were of African American, Hispanic, Latino descent (NELP). That means that nearly 55% of workers who make the federal minimum wage are considered to be a minority across the nation. Another interesting statistic, reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is that about three-fifths of minimum wage workers are employed in some type of service related industry (Minimum Wage Workers). For instance, a lot of food servers, waiters and waitresses, only earn a minimum wage salary of $7.25 or  less. However, in these professions, it is expected that employees receive tips from the served consumers. Then after combining the two entities, employees should earn a salary that is either equal to or more than the current minimum wage, but on many occasions, workers still do not make enough to equal a minimum wage salary. Along with recognizing who is actually affected by a minimum wage salary, it is also crucial to understand the economic stability the federal minimum wage accommodates for. In 2012 during his State of the Union address, President Barack Obama announced, â€Å"A minimum wage worker who works full time year round does not make enough to be considered above the federal poverty line† (Cooper). According to Dr. Sherry Kasper, an economics professor at Maryville College, the federal poverty line for one single individual is around $11,500 a year (Kasper). Since President Obama stated that full time minimum wage workers do not make enough money to meet the requirements to be above the federal poverty line, there are tons of people who make less than $11,500 annually and struggle financially to support themselves, let alone enough to support a family. Therefore, because the minimum wage so low, America has millions of people living in poverty. In addition to making an incredibly low annual salary, minimum wage workers also have to deal with actual monetary value this type of wage provides for. In the past, earning a minimum wage was sufficient enough to keep a single parent family of around two or three out of poverty. Yet in recent years that has been proven untrue for today’s world. The minimum wage was initiated in order to ensure that families were provided a living wage so that they could afford basic necessities (Kasper). However, in this day and age, the current minimum wage does not provide an efficient living wage, but instead only a wage that each United States citizen is entitled to earn. The graph below titled Annual minimum wage earnings and poverty level for families of two or three (2012$) illustrates the history of the federal minimum wage in terms of buying power in the economy. The graph above displays the current minimum wage does not provide enough money for a family of three to reach even the most basic level of adequate living standard, but if the president’s proposal to raise the minimum wage to $9.00 an hour went into effect, families would in deed earn enough money to escape poverty stricken living conditions. As with any important policy issue, people’s opinions will clash and create a huge debate over which side gives the best solution, and the argument around whether or not to increase the minimum wage is no different. There have been many skeptics arise that feel that raising the minimum wage to $9.00 an hour would completely destroy today’s economy instead of helping it. Some even claim that a higher minimum wage would only make life for those living in poverty worse. James Sherk, a Senior Policy Analyst in Labor Economics reported a higher minimum wage would result in more unemployment and it would cause the cost of living to increase (Sherk). The argument involving more unemployment is based on the assumption that employers will be forced to reduce staff sizes in order to compensate for paying a higher wage. Yet contrary to that belief, Princeton economists, David Card and Alan Krueger’s, fifteen year research project, found that modest increases in the minimum wage have had very little or no effect on the rate of employment (NELP). Hence, the rate of employment should be considered insignificant when determining if the minimum wage should be increased or not. Another negative claim to raising the minimum wage is that the cost of living will rise along with the minimum wage, and therefore not reduce poverty. Based on the way that American welfare programs work presently, an increase in the minimum wage could potentially result in people being cut off from government assistance. Currently, the amount of assistance people receive directly depends on their income levels. For example, each additional dollar of income reduces the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) by 24 cents (Sherk). This means that at the exact same rate people earn a little extra money, their level of assistance decreases. But according to the article The Negative Effects of Minimum Wage Laws, research proves that the minimum wage has absolutely no direct effect on poverty (Wilson). Thus meaning that, increasing the current minimum wage to $9.00 an hour will not result in higher levels of poverty. In today’s society, a $7.25 minimum wage does not sufficiently provide enough money for an individual to afford an adequate standard of living. In  fact it does not even furnish basic needs that everyone deserves in life. A higher minimum wage would improve the lives of people living in poverty and possibly boost the entire United Stats’ economy by increasing revenue since people would be able to afford spending extra money. Therefore implementing a higher minimum wage of $9.00 an hour is a great solution for the economic recession that is currently taking place. It would provide sufficient funds necessary for a descent life, improve the economy, and even promote equality among American citizens. In short, the United States government needs to raise the federal minimum wage to $9.00 an hour because it is the most effective solution to the present economic crisis and it is in the best interest of all United States’ residents. Works Cited Cooper, David. â€Å"Putting a $9 minimum wage in context .† Economic Policy Institute. Working Economics, 15 Feb. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. Luhby, Tami. â€Å"The impact of a $9 minimum wage.† CNN Money. N.p., 12 Feb. 2013. google.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2013. Kasper, Sherry. â€Å"Public Policy Interview.† Message to the author. 16 Nov. 2013. E-mail. Kelly, Nathan J., and Christopher Witko. â€Å"Federalism And American Inequality.† Journal Of Politics 74.2 (2012): 414-426. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. â€Å"Minimum Wage Overview: Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act. (Cover Story). â€Å"Congressional Digest 92.5 (2013): 3-10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. â€Å"Minimum Wage Workers: Characteristics Of Those Employed At Or Below The Minimum Wage. (Cover Story).† Congressional Digest 92.5 (2013): 11-32. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. â€Å"NELP Briefing Paper.† National Employment Law Project. NELP, Jan. 2011. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. O’Gorman, Mark. â€Å"Domestic Policy.† Maryville, TN. 22 Oct. 2013. Lecture. Sherk, James. â€Å"What is Minimum Wage: Its History and Effects on the Economy.† The Heritage Foundation. N.p., 25 June 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. Wilson, Mark. â€Å"The Negative Effects of Minimum Wage Laws.† Cato Institute. N.p., Sept. 2012. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.

The Competitive Advantage Of Human Resources Essay

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